ANSI K62.165-1974 一甲伏草胺(fluoridam)－(植物生长调节剂)通用名称

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【英文标准名称】:AluminiumalloysolidcouplingtypeBwithmetallicsealingareaandwithcastironcoverorwithaluminiumalloycover,typeB;nominalpressure16
【原文标准名称】:带铸铁或铝合金盖的有金属密封面的B型铝合金刚性联接器PN16
【标准号】:DIN14318-1985
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1985-04
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:离合器;阀门;作标记;盖;封盖物;软管接头;流体设备元件;送水管(消防);消防设备;消防水龙带;消防队;材料;规范(审批);尺寸;砝码;检验;灰口铁;刚性连接器;铝合金;管联接器
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C84
【国际标准分类号】:23_040_60
【页数】:6P;A4
【正文语种】:德语


【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforRating-ScaleMeasuresRelevanttotheElectronicHealthRecord
【原文标准名称】:与电子健康记录相关的等级划分测量的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME2171-2002(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E31.25
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:EHRS(electronichealthrecordsystem);Mathematicalmodels/modeling;Patientbiographical/medicaldata;Psychosocialfunctionmeasurement;Raschmathematicalmodel;Scale-freemathematicalmodels;Spiritualwell-beingdataqualityindex
【摘要】:ThesimplicityandpracticalityofRasch''sprobabilisticscale-freemeasurementmodelshavebroughtwithinreachuniversalmetricsforeducationalandpsychologicaltests,andforratingscale-basedinstrumentsingeneral.Thereareatleast3implicationstotheapplicationofRasch''smodelstothehealth-relatedcalibrationofuniversalmetricsforeachofthevariablesrelevanttotheElectronicHealthRecord(EHR)thataretypicallymeasuredusingratingscaleinstruments.First,establishingasinglemetricstandardwithadefinedrangeandunitwillarresttheburgeoningproliferationofnewscale-dependentmetrics.Second,thecommunicationoftheinformationpertainingtopatientstatusrepresentedbythesemeasures(physical,cognitive,andpsychosocialhealthstatus,qualityoflife,satisfactionwithservices,etc.)willbesimplified.Third,commonstandardsofdataqualitywillbeusedtoevaluateandimproveinstrumentperformance.Thevastmajorityoftestandsurveydataqualityiscurrentlyalmostcompletelyunknown,andwhenqualityisevaluated,itisviamanydifferentmethodsthatareofteninsufficienttothetask,misapplied,misinterpreted,orevencontradictoryintheiraims.Fourth,currentlyunavailableeconomicbenefitswillaccruefromtheimplementationofmeasurementmethodsbasedonquality-assesseddataandwidelyacceptedreferencestandardmetrics.Thepotentialmagnitudeofthesebenefitscanbeseeninanassessmentof12differentmetrologicalimprovementstudiesconductedbytheNationalScienceandTechnologyCouncil(SubcommitteeonResearch,1996).Theaveragereturnoninvestmentassociatedwiththesetwelvestudieswas147%.Isthereanyreasontosupposethatsimilarinstrumentimprovementeffortsinthepsychosocialscienceswillresultinmarkedlylowerreturns?Untilnow,ithasbeenassumedthatthePracticeE1384wouldnecessarilyhavetostipulatefieldsfortheEHRthatwouldcontainsummaryscoresfromcommonlyusedfunctionalassessment,healthstatus,qualityoflife,andsatisfactioninstruments.Thisisbecausestandardsforratingscaleinstrumentstodatehavebeenentirelycontent-based.Thosewhohavesoughtx201C;goldx201D;orcriterionstandardsthatwouldcommanduniversalrespectandrelevancehavebeenstymiedbytheimpossibilityofidentifyingcontent(surveyquestionsandratingcategories)capableofsatisfyingallusers''needs.Communicationofpatientstatisticsbetweenmanagersandclinicians,orpayorsandproviders,mayrequireonekindofinformation;betweenprovidersandreferralsources,otherkinds;betweenprovidersandaccreditors,yetanother;amongcliniciansthemselves,stillanother;andevenmorekindsofinformationmayberequiredforresearchapplications.Forinstance,payorsmaywanttoknowoutcomeinformationthattellsthemwhatpercentageofpatientsdischargedcanfunctionindependentlyathome.Ahospitalmanager,referralsource,oraccreditormightwanttoknowmoredetail,suchaspercentagesofpatientsdischargedwhocandress,bathe,walk,andeatindependently.Clinicianswillwanttoknowstillmoredetailaboutamountsofindependence,suchaswhethertherearesafetyissues,needsforassistivedevices,orspecificareasinwhichfunctionalitycouldbeimproved.Researchersmayseekevenmoredetailyet,astheyevaluatedifferencesinoutcomesacrosstreatmentprograms,diagnosticgroups,facilities,levelsofcare,etc.Membersofeachofthesegroupshave,atsometime,feltthattheirparticularinformationneedshavenotbeenmetbythetoolsdesignedanddevelopedbymembersofanothergroup.Despitethefactthattheinformationprovidedbythesedifferenttoolsappearsinmanydifferentformsandatdifferentlevelsofdetail,totheextentthatthe........
【中国标准分类号】:C07
【国际标准分类号】:35_240_80
【页数】:23P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语